Evidence-based plastic-free guides

Plastic-free living, backed by microplastics research.

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Why microplastics matter

Columbia University researchers tested three popular U.S. bottled water brands and found an average of about 240,000 plastic fragments per liter, roughly 90% of them nanoplastics. That is 10 to 100 times more than earlier estimates, and much of it appears to come from the bottle itself and the filters used in processing. Source: Qian et al., PNAS, 2024.

According to Ocean Conservancy, over 11 million metric tons of plastic enter the ocean each year, adding to the 200 million metric tons already polluting marine environments. That’s equivalent to a garbage truck’s worth of plastic dumped into the ocean every minute, threatening ocean ecosystems around the globe.

In a University of Nebraska–Lincoln study, some plastic baby food containers released as many as 4.22 million microplastic and 2.11 billion nanoplastic particles from a single square centimeter of plastic during three minutes of microwave heating. Heat speeds up shedding, so warming food in glass or ceramic is an easy swap. Source: Hussain et al., Environmental Science & Technology, 2023.

Many of the products you use and consume every day—like toothpaste, shampoo, cleaning sprays, food containers, and even tea bags—have plastic-free alternatives that are safer for your body and the environment. From bamboo toothbrushes to refillable cleaning concentrates and bar shampoos with no hidden microplastics, small swaps can lead to big change. Choosing plastic-free isn’t about perfection—it’s about progress, and there are more options than ever to help you start.